![]() A significant difference was noted among the groups on retrospective and prospective occupational activity measures, with clerical workers having the lowest levels of energy expenditure. In addition, measurement approaches were triangulated by including a prospective measure, a beeper-cued record kept by subjects. ![]() To measure construct validity, four retrospective measures were administered to a sample of 43 middle-aged women representing three occupational groups (teachers, clerical workers, nurses) known to differ in activity levels. The present study explored the validity of a particular measure, the retrospective survey questionnaire, used with a female population to gauge physical activity, both occupational and leisure. Measuring activity levels is complex and problematic, especially in women. Although it is known that these risks decline with physical activity, it is difficult to associate specific risk levels with specific activity levels. Women's risks for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease are increasing. This study has provided a literature base and analytical support for a compendium of energy costs for use with children with energy costs expressed as METs. Prediction equations for the energy cost of walking and running were calculated using multiple regression. Analyses revealed using adults METs, combined with child resting metabolic rates, as the best existing technique to assign EE to children when measured values are not available. The resultant data set (excluding walking and running) contained 5592 data points encompassing 51 activities. Data were combined using the Monte Carlo simulation procedure, with walking and running forming separate data sets. ![]() To evaluate these existing methods for assigning EE to children, a literature search reviewed all English-language studies that measured energy costs in healthy 6.0-17.9 yr olds using criterion EE measures. Various strategies have been used to estimate rates of EE in children. ![]() However, the best way to adjust adult values for use with children remains unclear. As there is a lack of data on the energy cost of children& amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp #39 s everyday activities, adult values are often used as surrogates. Compendia of energy costs are often used to assign energy expenditures (EE) to self-reported and observed activity. ![]()
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